Lettuce
Lettuce, (Lactuca sativa), an annual leaf vegetable of the aster family (Asteraceae). In India, lettuce also known as the Goose vegetable, Tropical lettuce, Ku mak, Yao mak, Ku Mak Cai, Daun Panjang, and Sawi Rana, Indian lettuce is a general descriptor used to describe several Asian plants with leaves that vary in shape and size.
Asteraceae, also called Compositae, is the aster, daisy, or composite family of the flowering plant order Asterales. With more than 1,620 genera and 23,600 species of herbs, shrubs, and trees distributed worldwide, Asteraceae is one of the most prominent plant families.
Most lettuce varieties are eaten fresh and are commonly served as the base of green salads. Lettuce is generally a rich source of vitamins K and A, though the nutritional quality varies, depending on the variety.
Four botanical varieties of lettuce are cultivated:
- Celtuce or Asparagus lettuce (variety augustana) with narrow leaves and a thick, succulent, edible stem.
- Head or Cabbage, lettuce (variety capitata) with the leaves folded into a compact head.
- Leaf or curled, lettuce (variety Crispa) with a rosette of leaves that are curled, finely cut, smooth-edged, or oak-leaved in shape.
- Cos or romaine, lettuce (variety longifolia) with smooth leaves that form a tall, oblong, loose head.
There are two classes of head lettuce:
- The butterhead types, such as Bibb lettuce with soft heads of thick oily-textured leaves.
- Crisphead types, such as iceberg lettuce with brittle-textured leaves form tough heads under proper temperature conditions.
Lettuce plants can have taproots or fibrous root systems. The leaves of domesticated varieties come in a wide range of colours, from shades of green to deep red and purple; variegated varieties have also been developed.
Lettuces are harvested prior to flowering, as the “bolting” of the flower stalk elongates head lettuce, reduces the size of the leaves, and imparts a bitter flavour. The yellow flower heads produce achene fruits with feathery pappus structures for wind dispersal.
For successful cultivation, lettuce requires ample water, especially in warmer weather. During unseasonable weather, protection is furnished and growth is stimulated with greenhouses, frames, cloches, or polyethylene covers.
In many parts of the world, the cos, leaf, and butterhead types are most popular, though some varieties are difficult to ship and are commonly grown on truck farms or market gardens relatively close to markets. The crisphead varieties, well adapted for long-distance shipment, are popular in the United States.
Types of Lettuce
1. Arugula
Benefits of Arugula Lettuce
Rapid vegetative multiplication of valuable plant material for agriculture, horticulture, and forestry.
When the apex of shoot is used for multiplication by tissue culture, we get disease free plants because the shoot apical meristem, a group of dividing cells at the tip of a stem or root, is free from pathogens.
2. Frisee
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3. Spinach
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4. Mesclun
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5. Kale
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6. Radicchio
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7. Endive
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8. Watercress
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9. Escarole
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10. Mache
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11. Iceberg
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12. Romaine
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13. Boston
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14. Bibb
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15. Looseleaf
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16. Batavia
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17. Little Gem
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18. Oak Leaf
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19. Buttercrunch
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20. Little Caesar
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21. Dandelion leaf
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22. Radish Greens
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23. Beetroot Greens
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24. Lambs
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25. Bok Choy
- Micropropagation: Rapid vegetative multiplication of valuable plant material for agriculture, horticulture, and forestry.
- Production of disease-free plants: When the apex of shoot is used for multiplication by tissue culture, we get disease free plants because the shoot apical meristem, a group of dividing cells at the tip of a stem or root, is free from pathogens.
25.Bok Choi
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- Micropropagation: Rapid vegetative multiplication of valuable plant material for agriculture, horticulture, and forestry.
- Production of disease-free plants: When the apex of shoot is used for multiplication by tissue culture, we get disease free plants because the shoot apical meristem, a group of dividing cells at the tip of a stem or root, is free from pathogens.